Omogiade, C. L. Performance of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with fresh and In situ dried Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Leaf Meals.
Keywords:
Pawpaw leaf meal; Broiler chickens; Growth performance; Feed intake; Weight gain
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth performance of finisher broiler chickens fed diets with different forms of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal (PLM). Ninety-nine Ross-308 broiler chickens at 32 days of age were subjected to the dietary treatments of fresh and in situ dried PLM. The birds were subjected to three dietary treatments in groups of thirty-three birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD), with 3 replicates (11 birds). The diets were T1, the control diet (0% PLM), T2 (0.2% fresh dried PLM) and T3 (0.2% in situ dried PLM). The birds were given the experimental diets from 32 to 56 days of age. Performance indicators such as feed intake, Final Weight gain (WG), Average daily feed intake (FI), and Feed conversion ratio were determined. The results showed that birds subjected to the control diet (T1) had better performance in weight gain (1049.00 g) and final body weight (2514.33 g) than the other groups. This was followed by birds fed diets with in situ dried (T3) PLM, which had 985.30 g and 2449.77 g, respectively. T2 had the lowest final body weight of 2341.17 g. The Average daily feed intake (134.31 g) in the fresh dried PLM birds was significantly different (p > 0.05) than the control (156.07 g) and in situ group (155.36g). T1 had the best feed conversion ratio (3.14) compared to other treatments. The performance of the birds indicates that low levels of inclusion of PLM in the diets depressed their overall performance.
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References
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Moshood, A. H and Adeyinka A. O. (2018). Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed dried pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) Latex. Journal of World's Poultry Research, 8 (2): 31-36.
Olugbenga, O.A., Grace, O.O., Modupe, E.O. and Funmilayo, G.O. (2018). Functional jam production from blends of banana, pineapple, and watermelon pulp. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 3(1): 7-14 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20180301.12
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Osato, J.A., Santiago, L.A., Remo, G.M., Cuadra, M.S. and Mori, A. (1993). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of unripe papaya. Life Sciences, 53(17): 1383–1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(93)90599-x
Sule, S. and Omologbe, S. (2017). Effect of drying temperature on the quality of pawpaw (Carica papaya) fruit leather. Journal of Raw Materials Research, 14(1): 1-10
Paswan, C., Bhattacharya, T.K., Nagaraj, C.S., Chatterjee, R.N. and Guru Vishnu, P. (2014). Role and present status of biotechnology in augmenting poultry productivity in India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 84: 855–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0306-y
Sari, Y., Erwan, E. and Irawati, E. (2020). Inclusion of different levels of papaya leaves meal (Carica papaya L.) in pellet ration on performance in broiler chickens. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 515(012001): 12-13.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/515/1/012001
Shirdel, J. and Nobakhat, A. (2017). The effects of different levels of Nasturtium officinalis medicinal plant on the performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical, and antioxidant parameters in broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 47(4): 549–556.
Unigwe, C. R., Okorafor, U. P., Ogbu, U. M., and Nwufoh, O. C. (2014). The nutritive profile of sun-dried paw-paw (Carica papaya) leaf meal and its effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 20(2): 72-78.
Adegbeye, M.J., Asaniyan, E.K., Igbalajobi, O.A., Damilola, S. A., Mona, M. M. Y. E., Abdelfattah, Z M and Temilola, T. F. (2020). Influence of selected plant seeds on the performance, carcass characteristics, sensory evaluation, and economics of broiler chicken. Tropical Animal Health Production 52: 1005–1012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02092-w
Adelowo, O. V., Oyedapo, F. A., Oshibanjo, O. D., Danjuma, J.,
Alhassan, Y., Dawang, J. Y., and Emmanuel, D. G. (2025). Evaluation of performance and response of broiler chickens fed diets with graded levels of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal. Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA: 3(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2025-0301-06
Ademola, S.G. and Farinu, G.O. (2006). Performance of laying birds fed diets containing forage meal of Tithonia diversifolia and antibiotics. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 33: 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i1.2147
Adingra, K.M.D., Hubert, K., Parfait, K. and Tano, K. (2017). Phytochemical properties and proximate composition of papaya (Carica papaya L. var solo 8) peels. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 5: 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i6.676-680.1154
Akinduro, V. O., Asaniyan, E. K., Osunkeye, O. J., and Ajilore, A. V. (2022). Antimicrobial effects of dried fermented pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds under different refrigerated storage on meat from broiler chicken. Ife Journal of Agriculture, 34(1): 33.
AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis (15th ed.). Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Banjoko, O.J., Adebayo, I.A., Osho, I.B., Olumide, M.D., Fagbiye, O.O.A., Ajayi, O.A. and Akinboye, O.E. (2020). Evaluation of varying levels of Carica papaya leaf meal on growth, carcass, haematological parameters and its use as anticoccidial for broiler chickens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 22(3): 229–241
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjas/article/view/202142/190589
Christopher, K. S., John, Y. A. and Usman A. (2021). Experimental in vitro treatment of coccidial organisms using ethanolic extract of ripe pawpaw seed (Carica Papaya) On Broiler Chickens. In: the 46th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production; FUTMINNA, Pp. 1163-1166. http://irepo.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15140
Ekwe, O., Onwudike, O., Nwali, C., Effiong, O. and Ozung, P. (2024). Evaluation of sun-dried pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal and its effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens. ADAN Journal of Agriculture, 5(1): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.36108/adanja/4202.50.0160
Hatab, A., Cavinato, M.E.R. and Lagerkvist, C.J. (2019). Urbanization, livestock systems, and food security in developing countries: A systematic review of the literature. Food Security, 11: 279–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00906-1
Iheukwumere, F.C., Ndubuisi, E.C., Mazi, E.A. and Onyekwere, M.U. (2008). Performance, nutrient utilization, and organ characteristics of broilers fed cassava leaf meal (Manihot esculenta Crantz). , 7: 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2008.13.16
Inuwa, I., Omage, J.J., Onimisi, P.A. and Shehu, F.N. (2023). Effect of pawpaw leaf meal on laying performance and egg quality of japanese quails. Current Research in Poultry Science, 13(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3923/crps.2023.1.12
Isa, M.M. (2010). The extraction of papain enzymes from papaya leaves (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pp. 10-14 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3422/1/CD5947_MASITA_MAT_ISA_X.pdf
Kassali, R., Adetomiwa, K., and Lasisi, A. L. (2022). Competitiveness of broiler production in Nigeria: A policy analysis matrix approach. Heliyon, 8(5): 9 https://:doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09298
Maisarah, A.M., Asmah, R. and Fauziah, O. (2014). Proximate analysis, antioxidant, and anti proliferative activities of different parts of Carica papaya. Journal of Nutrition and Food Science, 4: 267. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269541200
Ministry of Land, Survey and Urban Planning (1992). Area of Imo State by local government. Ministry of Land, Survey and Urban Planning, Owerri, Nigeria.
Miranda, M., Vega-Galvez, A., Garcia, P., Di Scala, K., Xue, S. and Uribe, E. (2010). Effect of temperature on structural properties of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) gel and weibull distribution for modelling drying process. Journal of Food and Bioproducts Processing, 88(2-3): 138-144.
Moshood, A. H and Adeyinka A. O. (2018). Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed dried pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) Latex. Journal of World's Poultry Research, 8 (2): 31-36.
Olugbenga, O.A., Grace, O.O., Modupe, E.O. and Funmilayo, G.O. (2018). Functional jam production from blends of banana, pineapple, and watermelon pulp. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 3(1): 7-14 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20180301.12
Omole, A.J., Ogbosuka, G.E., Salako, R.A. and Ajayi, O.O. (2005). Effect of replacing oyster shell with gypsum in broiler finisher diet. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 1: 245–248. https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/A.-Omole/35001057
Onyimonyi, A.E. and Onu, E. (2009). An assessment of pawpaw leaf meal as a protein ingredient for finishing broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8(10): 995–998. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.995.998
Osato, J.A., Santiago, L.A., Remo, G.M., Cuadra, M.S. and Mori, A. (1993). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of unripe papaya. Life Sciences, 53(17): 1383–1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(93)90599-x
Sule, S. and Omologbe, S. (2017). Effect of drying temperature on the quality of pawpaw (Carica papaya) fruit leather. Journal of Raw Materials Research, 14(1): 1-10
Paswan, C., Bhattacharya, T.K., Nagaraj, C.S., Chatterjee, R.N. and Guru Vishnu, P. (2014). Role and present status of biotechnology in augmenting poultry productivity in India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 84: 855–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0306-y
Sari, Y., Erwan, E. and Irawati, E. (2020). Inclusion of different levels of papaya leaves meal (Carica papaya L.) in pellet ration on performance in broiler chickens. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 515(012001): 12-13.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/515/1/012001
Shirdel, J. and Nobakhat, A. (2017). The effects of different levels of Nasturtium officinalis medicinal plant on the performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical, and antioxidant parameters in broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 47(4): 549–556.
Unigwe, C. R., Okorafor, U. P., Ogbu, U. M., and Nwufoh, O. C. (2014). The nutritive profile of sun-dried paw-paw (Carica papaya) leaf meal and its effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 20(2): 72-78.
Published
2025-10-08
How to Cite
Omogiade, C. L., Onyekwere, G. E., Eke, A. C., Gbadamosi, J. A., & Adaramoti, D. T. (2025). Omogiade, C. L. Performance of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with fresh and In situ dried Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Leaf Meals. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 8(3), 49-57. Retrieved from http://www.njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/453
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