Characterization of Indigenous Goat Breeds and Their Production Systems in Anambra State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Characterization, goats, Phenotype, Production
Abstract
The study was carried out to characterize indigenous goat breeds and their production systems in Anambra State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 172 goat farmers from four Local Government Areas. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-economic and production characteristics of farmers. Data on phenotypic traits were collected from 210 adult goats of both sexes. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and results were presented using frequency distribution, percentages and charts. The result revealed that most of the goat farmers were females (52.91%) out of which 40.70% were above 40 years of age and literacy level was very high (95.35%). Majority of the farmers (73.26%) have a household size of 6-10 members while 59.88% had between 1 to 10 years of experience in goat keeping. The West African Dwarf (WAD) was the most popular breed of goat. Most goat farmers (47%) kept goats to generate income. Tethering is the most adopted (44.77%) system of management and 51.74% of goat farmers feed their goats with supplementary feed. The result also showed that 54.65% of goat farmers start mating their goats between 6-12 months while disease infestation is the major cause of mortality. Does represented 83.38% of the total goat population while black coat pigmentation (39.52%) was predominant. The absence of wattle (Wa-) in West African Dwarf (WAD) was predominant. Smooth hair type (91.43%) and absence of extra teat (99.04%) were also predominant. The absence of beard was common while all goats sampled were horned. The wide variation among indigenous goat populations can be harnessed for further improvement and conservation programmes.
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References
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Manzi, M., Mutabazi, J., Hirwa, C.D. and Kugonza, D.R. (2013). Socio-economic assessment of indigenous goat production system in rural areas of Bugesera District in Rwanda. Livestock research for rural development 25(11): 1-10.
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Odeyinka .A.M and Okunmade .G.K. (2005). Goat production in Oyo State. A case study of Ogbomoso town. Nigeria Journal of Animal Production 32(1)108-115
Odubote .I.K. (1994). Characterisation of West African Dwarf goats for certain qualitative traits. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 21: 3741
Okpeku .M, Yakubu .A, Peters .S, Ozoje .M, Ikeobi .C, Adebambo .O, Imumorin .I. (2011). Application of Multivariate Principal Component Analysis to Morphological Characterization of Indigenous Goats in Southern Nigeria. Acta argiculturae Slovenica, 98 (2): 101-109. Oluwatayo .I.B and Oluwatayo .T.B. (2012). Small Ruminants as a Source of Financial Security: A Case Study of Women in Rural Southwest Nigeria. Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion (IMTFI) Working Paper, Ibadan. 21p.
Oseni .S.O and Ajayi .B.A. (2014). Phenotypic Characterization and Strategies for Genetic Improvement of WAD Goats under Backyard Systems. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014, 4, 253-262
Oseni, S. Sonaiya .B, Omitogun .G, Ajayi .A and Muritala .I. (2006) West African Dwarf goat production under village condition: characterization and the establishment of breed standards, in: Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development.11e13th, October. University of Bonn, Tropentag. Germany, 2006, pp. 5e10.
Ozoje .M.O and Mgbere .O.O. (2002). Coat pigmentation effects in West African Dwarf goats: Live weights and body dimensions. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 29: 5-10.
Rotimi, E.A. Egahi, J. O. and Adeoye, A. A. (2017). Body Characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats in Bassa Local Government Area of Kogi State. World Scientific News, 69: 179-189.
SPSS (2010). Statistical Package for Social Sciences. SPSS Inc. 444 Michigan Avenue. West african dwarf goat’s farmers and th
Yakubu .A. Raji .A.O and Omeje .J.N. (2010). Genetic and phenotypic differentiation of qualitative traits in Nigerian indigenous goat and sheep population. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 5 (2) (2010).
Yakubu, A., Idahor, K.O., Haruna, H.S., Wheto, M. and Amusan, S. (2010a). Multiple analysis of phenotypic differentiation in Bunji and Sokoto Gudali cattle. Acta Agricuturae Slovenica, 96:78-80.
Yakubu, A. and Achapu, M.M. (2017). Assessment of production objective and breeding practices of rural goat keepers and implications for a breeding programme in north central, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production March 2017.
Young, J., Evans S., Kocinski, Bush, R. and Windsor, P. (2015). Improving smallholder farmer biosecurity in the Mekong region through change management. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(5): 491- 504. http://410.1111/tbed.12181
Adebayo, J.O. and Chineke, C. A. (2009). Evaluation of West African Dwarf goat for some qualitative traits in South western Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Resources, 6(28): 6204-6207.
Adedeji T.A., Ojedapo L.O., Adedeji S.O., Aderogba T.A. and Abdullah, A.R. (2006). Characterization of traditionally reared West African Dwarf goats (WAD) in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria. Anim. Vet. Adv. 5: 686-688
Adesehinwa, A.O.K., Okunola, J.O. and Adewum, M.K. (2004). Socio-economic characteristics of ruminant livestock farmers and their production constraints in some parts of South-western Nigeria. Livestock research for rural development 16(8): 1-8.
Ajala, M.K. and Gefu, J.O. (2003). Socioeconomic factors influencing small ruminants management practices in Kaduna State. Moor Journal of Agricultural Research. 2003;4:274-280.
Amao, O.A., Osinowo, O.A., Lakpini, C.M.A., Dipeolu, M.A., Abiola, S.S. and Onwuka, C.F.I. (2003). Types and frequency of udder shapes and abnormalties in WAD and Red S|okoto Goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 30(2):253-258.
Aslan .S.T.A., Gundogdu .K.S., Yaslioglu, E., Kirmikil .M. and Arici .I. (2007) Personal, physical and socio-economic factors affecting farmers’ adoption of land consolidation. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, 204213, 2007.
Assan .N and Sibanda .M. (2014). Goat production in the smallholder section in the Matobo district in semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe. Agricultural Advances, Vol. 3, No. 8, 218-228,
Birteeb, P.T., Olusola, S.P., Yakubu, A., Adeke, M.A. and Ozoje, M.O. (2012). Multivariate characteristics of the phenotypic traits of Djallonke and Sahel sheep in northern Ghana. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 20 (3): 12-18.
Bitto, I.I. and Egbunike, G.N. (2006). Seasonal variation in sperm production, gonadal and extragnadal sperm reserves in pubertal WAD bucks in their native troipical environment. Livestock research for rural development 18(9).
Charray J, Humbert J M and Levif, J. (1992). Manual of sheep production in the humid tropics of Africa. Wallingford: CAB International 187 pp.
Chenyambuga .S.W and Lekule, F.P. (2014). Breed preference and breeding practices for goats in agro-pastoral communities of semiarid and sub-humid areas in Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26 (6) 2014
Chenyambuga .S.W, Komwihangilo .D.M and Jackson .M. (2012). Production performance and desirable traits of Small East African goats in semi-arid areas of Central Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 24, Article #118. Retrieved July 3, 2012, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd24/7/chen24118.ht m
Cicek, H., Cevger, Y., Tandoĝan, M. (2008). Socio-economic factors affecting the level of adoption of innovations in dairy cattle enterprises, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesis Dergisi, Vol. 55, 183-187.
Dunya .A.M, Mamza .A.O and Yusuf .S.Z. (2015). Local Chicken Management in Rural Borno State, Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 5(4):
Egbunike, G.N., Akusu, M.O. and Carew, B.A.R. (1993) Vital Reproductive Statistics of West African Dwarf Does. In: Ayeni, A.O. and Bosman, H.G., Eds., Goat Production Systems in the Humid Tropics, Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, Pp: 208-212. FAOSTAT. (2011). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (available at http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx; accessed 19 July 2011).
Gizaw, S., Komen, H., Hanote, O., van Arendonk, J.A.M., Kemp, S., Haile, A., Mwai, O. and Dessie, T. (2011). Characterization and conservation of indigenous sheep genetic resources: A practical framework for developing countries. ILRI Research Report No. 27. Nairobi, Kenya, ILRI
Hassan, D.I., Mbap, S.T. and Naibi, S.A (2015). Socio- economic characteristics of Yankasa sheep and Production constraints in Lafia, Nigeria International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 5(1): 82-93.
Hassen .H.M. (2007). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of indigenous chicken population in Northwest Ethiopia. PhD Thesis, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Jibowo, A.A. (2000). Essentials of Rural Sociology, 2nd impression, Gbemi Sodipo Press Ltd. Abeokuta, Nigeria. pp: 23-25, 203, 222.
Kadurumba, O. E., Egenuka, F. C., Ikpamezie, L. C., Kadurumba, C. and Onunkwo, D. N. (2019). Evaluation of local duck production systems in Imo and Abia States of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 46(3):120 - 130
Kaufman, J. and Francis, P.A. (1990). The role of small ruminants in agricultural communities and use system in Africa. Centre technique for Cooperation Agriculture and Rural Convention ACPCEE in Home. Wageningen EDE pays-bas Montpellier, France
Kosgey .I.S, Rowland .G.J, van Arendonk .J.A.M. and Baker .R.L. (2008). Small ruminant production in smallholder and pastoral/extensive farming systems in Kenya, Small Ruminant Research, Vol. 77, Issue 1, 11-24, 2008.
Kosgey, I.S. (2004). Breeding objectives and breeding strategies for small ruminants in the tropics. Ph.D. Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 272 pp.
Manzi, M., Mutabazi, J., Hirwa, C.D. and Kugonza, D.R. (2013). Socio-economic assessment of indigenous goat production system in rural areas of Bugesera District in Rwanda. Livestock research for rural development 25(11): 1-10.
Nwachukwu, C.U. and Berekwu, N. (2020). Production and management of goat rearing in rural areas of Ezinihitte Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension 19(3): 2531.
Odeyinka .A.M and Okunmade .G.K. (2005). Goat production in Oyo State. A case study of Ogbomoso town. Nigeria Journal of Animal Production 32(1)108-115
Odubote .I.K. (1994). Characterisation of West African Dwarf goats for certain qualitative traits. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 21: 3741
Okpeku .M, Yakubu .A, Peters .S, Ozoje .M, Ikeobi .C, Adebambo .O, Imumorin .I. (2011). Application of Multivariate Principal Component Analysis to Morphological Characterization of Indigenous Goats in Southern Nigeria. Acta argiculturae Slovenica, 98 (2): 101-109. Oluwatayo .I.B and Oluwatayo .T.B. (2012). Small Ruminants as a Source of Financial Security: A Case Study of Women in Rural Southwest Nigeria. Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion (IMTFI) Working Paper, Ibadan. 21p.
Oseni .S.O and Ajayi .B.A. (2014). Phenotypic Characterization and Strategies for Genetic Improvement of WAD Goats under Backyard Systems. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014, 4, 253-262
Oseni, S. Sonaiya .B, Omitogun .G, Ajayi .A and Muritala .I. (2006) West African Dwarf goat production under village condition: characterization and the establishment of breed standards, in: Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development.11e13th, October. University of Bonn, Tropentag. Germany, 2006, pp. 5e10.
Ozoje .M.O and Mgbere .O.O. (2002). Coat pigmentation effects in West African Dwarf goats: Live weights and body dimensions. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 29: 5-10.
Rotimi, E.A. Egahi, J. O. and Adeoye, A. A. (2017). Body Characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats in Bassa Local Government Area of Kogi State. World Scientific News, 69: 179-189.
SPSS (2010). Statistical Package for Social Sciences. SPSS Inc. 444 Michigan Avenue. West african dwarf goat’s farmers and th
Yakubu .A. Raji .A.O and Omeje .J.N. (2010). Genetic and phenotypic differentiation of qualitative traits in Nigerian indigenous goat and sheep population. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 5 (2) (2010).
Yakubu, A., Idahor, K.O., Haruna, H.S., Wheto, M. and Amusan, S. (2010a). Multiple analysis of phenotypic differentiation in Bunji and Sokoto Gudali cattle. Acta Agricuturae Slovenica, 96:78-80.
Yakubu, A. and Achapu, M.M. (2017). Assessment of production objective and breeding practices of rural goat keepers and implications for a breeding programme in north central, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production March 2017.
Young, J., Evans S., Kocinski, Bush, R. and Windsor, P. (2015). Improving smallholder farmer biosecurity in the Mekong region through change management. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(5): 491- 504. http://410.1111/tbed.12181
Published
2021-10-13
How to Cite
Kadurumba, O.E., Ahiwe, E.U., Anyanwu, V.C., Ikpamezie, L.C., Ahamba, I.S., Kadurumba, C., & Nwankwo, K.C. (2021). Characterization of Indigenous Goat Breeds and Their Production Systems in Anambra State, Nigeria . Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 4(3), 40 - 52. Retrieved from http://www.njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/157
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