Effect of Different Levels of Biotronic® Top Forte (Commercial blended organic acids) as a Replacement for Antibiotic Growth Promoter on the Growth Performance and Villi Morphology of Pullet Chicks (0 - 8weeks)
Keywords:
Performance, Organic acids, Villi, Morphology, Phytochemical
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Biotronic® Top Forte (combined organic acids and their salts with a phytochemical) as alternatives to the conventional antibiotics used as an antibiotic growth promoter. Six hundred and thirty (630) intensively managed day old pullet chicks were used for the experiment. The chicks were randomly assigned into seven treatment groups administered, 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500g of Biotronic® Top Forte, oxytetracycline as positive control and defined as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7, respectively. Growth parameters (weight gain, total feed intake, feed/gain ratio, and feed cost/kg gain) indices were measured. Collected data were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance and significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Tests at 95% probability. Results showed a significant (p<0.05) influence of Biotronic® Top Forte on weight gain, feed intake, feed/gain ratio and feed cost/kg gain. The birds on 500 g inclusion had better weight gain (706.56 g), feed/gain ratio (2.34), feed cost/Kg gain (292.10) and villi area (22151.43 um), villi width (169.42) when compared with 0% inclusion and oxtetracycline diets. 500 g/100kg Biotronic® Top Forte inclusion significantly lowered the cost of production than the 0% inclusion and the AGPs treatments to 16.33% in this study. It was concluded that Biotronic® Top Forte inclusion at 500 g enhanced growth performance of Pullet Chicks from 0 up to 8 weeks of age compared to other treatments.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
A.O.A.C (2005). Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemistist 17th Edition, Washington D.C, USA.
Adil, S., Tufail, B., Gulam, A. B., Masood, S. and Manzoor, R. (2010). Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Veterinary Medicine International. 2010:1–7. Article ID 479485.
Bedford, M.R. and Cowieson A..J. (2012). Exogenous enzymes and their effects on intestinal microbiology. Animal Feed Science. Technology, 173:76–85
Biomin, (2018). Biomin GmbH. Erber campus 1, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria.
Boling, S.D., Webel, D.M., Mavromichalis, I., Parsons, C.M and Baker, D.H. (2000). The effects of citric acid on phytate phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs. Journal of Animal Sciences, 78:682-689
Castanon, J. I. (2007). History of the use of antibiotic growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Journal of Poultry Science. 86:2466–2471.
Choi, S.C., Ingale, S.L., Kim, J.S., Park, Y.K., Kwon, I.K. and Chae, B.J. (2013). An antimicrobial peptide-A3: Effects on growth performance, nutrient retention, intestinal and faecal microflora and intestinal morphology of broilers. British Poultry Science, 54:738–746. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2013.838746.
De Lange, C.F.M., Pluske J.R., Gong J. and Nyachoti C.M. (2010). Strategic use of feed ingredients and feed additives to stimulate gut health and development in young pigs. Livestock Sciences, 134:124–134.
Dibner, J. J. and Richards, J. D. (2005). Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. Journal of Poultry Science. 84:634–643.
Eckel, B., Kirchgessner M. and Roth F.X. (1992). Influence of formic acid on daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate and digestibility. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition; 67:93–100. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1992.tb00588.x.
European Food Safety Authority) [EFSA] (2015). Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of citric acid when used as a technological additive (acidity regulator) for all animal species. EFSA Journal, 13(2):4010.
Eidelsburger, U., Kirchgessner, M. and Roth, F. X. (1992). Influence of formic acid, calcium formate and sodium bicarbonate on pH, concentration of carbonic acids and ammonia in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract: 8 liberation. Nutritive value of organic acids in piglet rearing. Journal of Animal Physiology, 68:20-32.
Garciá, V., Catalá-Gregori, P., HernáNdez, F., Megiás, M. D. and Madrid, J. (2007). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research.16:555–562.
Gibson G.R., Probert H.M., Loo J.V., Rastall R.A. and Roberfroid M.B.(2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutrition. Reserve. Revised.,17:259–275. doi: 10.1079/NRR200479.
Gong, J., Yin, F., Hou, Y. and Yin, Y. (2014). Chinese herbs as alternatives to antibiotics in feed for swine and poultry production: Potential and challenges in application. Canadian Journal of Animal Sciences, 94:223–241. doi: 10.4141/cjas2013-144.
Hassan, H.M.A., Mohamed, M.A., Youssef, A.W. and Hassan, E.R. (2010). Effect of using organic acids to substitute antibiotic growth promoters on performance and intestinal microflora of broilers. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 23(10):1348– 1353.
Hebeler, D., Kulla, S., Winkenwerder, F.J. and Amtsberg, G. (2000). Influence of a formic-acid-potassium-formate-complex on chime composition as well as on the intestinal microflora of weaned piglets. Hannover 54th Proceedings Soceity of Nutrition Physiologists. Göttingen, Germany. March 7-9
Hedayati, M., Manafi, M. and Vafaei, P. (2013). Effects of supplementing diets with an acidifier on performance parameters and visceral organ weights of broilers. European Journal Zoology Resource, 2(6):49-55.
HernáNdez, F., Garciá, V., Madrid, J., Orengo, J. and Catalá, P. (2006). Effect of formic acid on performance, digestibility, intestinal histomorphology and plasma metabolite levels of broiler chickens. British Journal of Poultry Science. 47:50–56.
Iji, P. A., and Tivey, D. R. (1998). Natural and synthetic oligosaccharide in broiler chicken diet. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 54:129–143.
Kil, D.Y., Kwon, W.B. and Kim, B.G. (2011). Dietary acidifiers in weanling pig diets: A review Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu, 24:231-247.
Kum, S., Eren, U., Onol, A. and Sandikci, M. (2010). Effects of dietary organic acid supplementation on the intestinal mucosa in broilers. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire. 161:463–468.
Lückstädt, C. and Mellor, S. (2011). The use of organic acids in animal nutrition, with special focus on dietary potassium diformate under European and Austral-Asian conditions. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition Australia. 18:123–130.
Mansoub, N.H, Karim, R., Leila, M., Mohammad, A.M.N., Seyede, L.Z. and Mehdi, M.K. (2011). Effect of different level of butyric acid glycerides on performance and serum composition of broiler chickens. World Journal of Zoology. 6(2):179–182.
Musa, H.H., Wu, S.L., Zhu, C.H., Seri, H.I. and Zhu, G.Q. (2009). The potential benefits of probiotics in animal production and health. Journal Animal Veterinary Advances, 8:313–321.
Naseri, K.G, Rahimi, S. and Khaki, P. (2012). Comparison of the effects of probiotic, organic acid and medicinal plant on Campylobacter jejuni challenged broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 14:1485–1496.
Overland, M.T., Granli, N.P., Kjos, Fjetland, Steien, S.H. and Stokstad, M. (2000). Effect of dietary formates on growth performance, carcass traits, sensory quality, intestinal microflora and stomach alterations in growing-finishing pigs. Journal Animal Science, 78: 1875-1884.
Partanen, K. (2001) Organic acids-their efficacy and modes of action in pigs. In: Piva K. E, Knudsen, B. and Lindberg, J.E., (editors). Gut environment of pigs. Nottingham UK: Nottingham University Press; p.201-17.
Randrianarivelo, R., Danthu P., Benoit, C., Ruez P., Raherimandimby, M., and Starter S. (2010). Novel alternative to antibiotics in shrimp hatchery: Effects of the essential oil of Cinnamosma fragrans on survival and bacterial concentration of Penaeus monodon larvae. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109:642–650.
Rodríguez-Lecompte, J.C., Yitbarek, A., Brady, J., Sharif, S., Cavanagh, M.D., Crow, G., Guenter, W., House, J.D. and Camelo-Jaimes, G. (2012). The effect of microbial nutrient interaction on the immune system of young chicks after early probiotic and organic acid administration. Journal of Animal Science. 90:2246–2254.
SAS, (2002). Statistical Analysis System Institute, User’s Guide. Version 9 for Windows. North Carolina, U.S.A.
Shahidi, S., Maziar, Y. and Delaram, N.Z. (2014). Influence of dietary organic acids supplementation on reproductive performance of freshwater Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Global Vet. 13:373–377.
Van Immerseel, F., Russell, J.B., Flythe, M.D., Gantois, I., Timbermont, L., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F. and Ducatelle, R. (2006). The use of organic acids to combat Salmonella in poultry: A mechanistic explanation of the efficacy. Avian Pathology. 35:182–188.
Walsh, M., Sholly, D., Kelly, D., Cobb, M., Trapp, S., Hinson, R., Hill, B., Sutton, A., Radcliffe, S., Harmon, B., Smith, J. and Richert, B. (2003). The effects of supplementing weanling pig diets with organic and inorganic acids on growth performance and microbial shedding. Purdue University, Swine Research Report, 89–98.
Wang, J.P., Yoo, J.S., Lee, J.H., Zhou, T.X, Jang, H.D., Kim, H.J. and Kim, I.H. (2009). Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 18:203–209.
Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzer, C. and Kroismayr, A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Sciences; 86:140–148. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459.
Yang, W.Z., Benchaar, C., Ametaj, B.N., Chaves, A.V., He, M.L. and McAllister, T.A. (2007). Effect of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Sciences, 90:5671–5678. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0369.
Zhang, K.Y., Yan, F., Keen, C.A. and Waldroup, P.W. (2005). Eval¬uation of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids in diets for broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4: 612-619.
Adil, S., Tufail, B., Gulam, A. B., Masood, S. and Manzoor, R. (2010). Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Veterinary Medicine International. 2010:1–7. Article ID 479485.
Bedford, M.R. and Cowieson A..J. (2012). Exogenous enzymes and their effects on intestinal microbiology. Animal Feed Science. Technology, 173:76–85
Biomin, (2018). Biomin GmbH. Erber campus 1, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria.
Boling, S.D., Webel, D.M., Mavromichalis, I., Parsons, C.M and Baker, D.H. (2000). The effects of citric acid on phytate phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs. Journal of Animal Sciences, 78:682-689
Castanon, J. I. (2007). History of the use of antibiotic growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Journal of Poultry Science. 86:2466–2471.
Choi, S.C., Ingale, S.L., Kim, J.S., Park, Y.K., Kwon, I.K. and Chae, B.J. (2013). An antimicrobial peptide-A3: Effects on growth performance, nutrient retention, intestinal and faecal microflora and intestinal morphology of broilers. British Poultry Science, 54:738–746. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2013.838746.
De Lange, C.F.M., Pluske J.R., Gong J. and Nyachoti C.M. (2010). Strategic use of feed ingredients and feed additives to stimulate gut health and development in young pigs. Livestock Sciences, 134:124–134.
Dibner, J. J. and Richards, J. D. (2005). Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. Journal of Poultry Science. 84:634–643.
Eckel, B., Kirchgessner M. and Roth F.X. (1992). Influence of formic acid on daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate and digestibility. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition; 67:93–100. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1992.tb00588.x.
European Food Safety Authority) [EFSA] (2015). Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of citric acid when used as a technological additive (acidity regulator) for all animal species. EFSA Journal, 13(2):4010.
Eidelsburger, U., Kirchgessner, M. and Roth, F. X. (1992). Influence of formic acid, calcium formate and sodium bicarbonate on pH, concentration of carbonic acids and ammonia in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract: 8 liberation. Nutritive value of organic acids in piglet rearing. Journal of Animal Physiology, 68:20-32.
Garciá, V., Catalá-Gregori, P., HernáNdez, F., Megiás, M. D. and Madrid, J. (2007). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research.16:555–562.
Gibson G.R., Probert H.M., Loo J.V., Rastall R.A. and Roberfroid M.B.(2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutrition. Reserve. Revised.,17:259–275. doi: 10.1079/NRR200479.
Gong, J., Yin, F., Hou, Y. and Yin, Y. (2014). Chinese herbs as alternatives to antibiotics in feed for swine and poultry production: Potential and challenges in application. Canadian Journal of Animal Sciences, 94:223–241. doi: 10.4141/cjas2013-144.
Hassan, H.M.A., Mohamed, M.A., Youssef, A.W. and Hassan, E.R. (2010). Effect of using organic acids to substitute antibiotic growth promoters on performance and intestinal microflora of broilers. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 23(10):1348– 1353.
Hebeler, D., Kulla, S., Winkenwerder, F.J. and Amtsberg, G. (2000). Influence of a formic-acid-potassium-formate-complex on chime composition as well as on the intestinal microflora of weaned piglets. Hannover 54th Proceedings Soceity of Nutrition Physiologists. Göttingen, Germany. March 7-9
Hedayati, M., Manafi, M. and Vafaei, P. (2013). Effects of supplementing diets with an acidifier on performance parameters and visceral organ weights of broilers. European Journal Zoology Resource, 2(6):49-55.
HernáNdez, F., Garciá, V., Madrid, J., Orengo, J. and Catalá, P. (2006). Effect of formic acid on performance, digestibility, intestinal histomorphology and plasma metabolite levels of broiler chickens. British Journal of Poultry Science. 47:50–56.
Iji, P. A., and Tivey, D. R. (1998). Natural and synthetic oligosaccharide in broiler chicken diet. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 54:129–143.
Kil, D.Y., Kwon, W.B. and Kim, B.G. (2011). Dietary acidifiers in weanling pig diets: A review Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu, 24:231-247.
Kum, S., Eren, U., Onol, A. and Sandikci, M. (2010). Effects of dietary organic acid supplementation on the intestinal mucosa in broilers. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire. 161:463–468.
Lückstädt, C. and Mellor, S. (2011). The use of organic acids in animal nutrition, with special focus on dietary potassium diformate under European and Austral-Asian conditions. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition Australia. 18:123–130.
Mansoub, N.H, Karim, R., Leila, M., Mohammad, A.M.N., Seyede, L.Z. and Mehdi, M.K. (2011). Effect of different level of butyric acid glycerides on performance and serum composition of broiler chickens. World Journal of Zoology. 6(2):179–182.
Musa, H.H., Wu, S.L., Zhu, C.H., Seri, H.I. and Zhu, G.Q. (2009). The potential benefits of probiotics in animal production and health. Journal Animal Veterinary Advances, 8:313–321.
Naseri, K.G, Rahimi, S. and Khaki, P. (2012). Comparison of the effects of probiotic, organic acid and medicinal plant on Campylobacter jejuni challenged broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 14:1485–1496.
Overland, M.T., Granli, N.P., Kjos, Fjetland, Steien, S.H. and Stokstad, M. (2000). Effect of dietary formates on growth performance, carcass traits, sensory quality, intestinal microflora and stomach alterations in growing-finishing pigs. Journal Animal Science, 78: 1875-1884.
Partanen, K. (2001) Organic acids-their efficacy and modes of action in pigs. In: Piva K. E, Knudsen, B. and Lindberg, J.E., (editors). Gut environment of pigs. Nottingham UK: Nottingham University Press; p.201-17.
Randrianarivelo, R., Danthu P., Benoit, C., Ruez P., Raherimandimby, M., and Starter S. (2010). Novel alternative to antibiotics in shrimp hatchery: Effects of the essential oil of Cinnamosma fragrans on survival and bacterial concentration of Penaeus monodon larvae. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109:642–650.
Rodríguez-Lecompte, J.C., Yitbarek, A., Brady, J., Sharif, S., Cavanagh, M.D., Crow, G., Guenter, W., House, J.D. and Camelo-Jaimes, G. (2012). The effect of microbial nutrient interaction on the immune system of young chicks after early probiotic and organic acid administration. Journal of Animal Science. 90:2246–2254.
SAS, (2002). Statistical Analysis System Institute, User’s Guide. Version 9 for Windows. North Carolina, U.S.A.
Shahidi, S., Maziar, Y. and Delaram, N.Z. (2014). Influence of dietary organic acids supplementation on reproductive performance of freshwater Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Global Vet. 13:373–377.
Van Immerseel, F., Russell, J.B., Flythe, M.D., Gantois, I., Timbermont, L., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F. and Ducatelle, R. (2006). The use of organic acids to combat Salmonella in poultry: A mechanistic explanation of the efficacy. Avian Pathology. 35:182–188.
Walsh, M., Sholly, D., Kelly, D., Cobb, M., Trapp, S., Hinson, R., Hill, B., Sutton, A., Radcliffe, S., Harmon, B., Smith, J. and Richert, B. (2003). The effects of supplementing weanling pig diets with organic and inorganic acids on growth performance and microbial shedding. Purdue University, Swine Research Report, 89–98.
Wang, J.P., Yoo, J.S., Lee, J.H., Zhou, T.X, Jang, H.D., Kim, H.J. and Kim, I.H. (2009). Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 18:203–209.
Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzer, C. and Kroismayr, A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Sciences; 86:140–148. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459.
Yang, W.Z., Benchaar, C., Ametaj, B.N., Chaves, A.V., He, M.L. and McAllister, T.A. (2007). Effect of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Sciences, 90:5671–5678. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0369.
Zhang, K.Y., Yan, F., Keen, C.A. and Waldroup, P.W. (2005). Eval¬uation of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids in diets for broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4: 612-619.
Published
2020-10-23
How to Cite
Agbai, K. N., Omage, J. J., Sekoni, A. A., & Afolayan, M. (2020). Effect of Different Levels of Biotronic® Top Forte (Commercial blended organic acids) as a Replacement for Antibiotic Growth Promoter on the Growth Performance and Villi Morphology of Pullet Chicks (0 - 8weeks). Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 3(3), 13 - 21. Retrieved from http://www.njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/103
Section
Articles
